Digital Music Piracy Essay Example For Students

Digital Music Piracy Essay Although this ongoing issue is in a way hard to control, record label companies, Internet service providers, along with overspent around the globe should associate more to carry out existing solutions that would end digital music piracy. In these Peer-to-peer file-sharing sites people would download and upload misappropriated digital media. Many people who take part in this type of exchange recognize this process as file sharing. However, under a court of law in the United States and other parts of the world is considered to be illegal distribution of media or copyright infringement. The file sharing process involves a hacker (or an individual who hacks into other computer systems) pirating chital music to then upload the media file into the Peer-to-peer file-sharing website. Where individuals who refuse to compensate the recording music artists and their record label company, would then download the digital music of desire into their computer. We will write a custom essay on Digital Music Piracy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many music artists come from lower social status, which in most cases inspired them to work very hard in recording studios in hopes of someday waking up rich and famous. With corrupted individuals continuing to leak out their talented work of art for public enjoyment free of charge, their dreams might not be fulfilled. Just like a skilled carpenter gets compensated by individuals who hire him for his unique field of work, the same guideline should apply to talented music artists. Due to this ongoing dilemma in the music world and other entertainment industries, there is a decline in overall record sales including concert ticket sales compared to a decade or two ago before the Internet revolution began. Some are afraid that if digital music piracy continues, the creativity among the talented music artists might slow down or eventually come too halt. Currently, recording companies from every different type of music genres are playing the blame game concerning lost revenue with consumers (Williams). Resulting in recording companies paying the artists themselves a lower percentage from royalties received from sold music records of artists. Besides the recording artist, digital music piracy also directly affects talented music producers and songwriters who are relying on sold records in order to get a piece of the pie. By Sandpaper 2 like murder but without paying the people who are accredited with the creation of hat song destructive in a way. As proof to the damaging cause of digital music piracy, the Institute for Policy Innovation concluded a study. The analysis shows that an estimated annual harm to the United States economy due to digital music piracy is $12. 5 billion dollars in losses, 71,060 lost Jobs, and $2. 7 billion dollars in lost wages to American workers (Seek). A first step that can be carried out by recording company is teaming up with Internet providers who can then trace down IP addresses of individuals who are downloading copyrighted digital music. Not only could this be applied for illegal music download but to pirated movies and eBooks. Prior to beginning any legal actions to any law breaking individuals, a warning should be given. Informing the individual that if the illegal activity continues legal actions will be pursued by the record companies or their lobbyist the ARIA. If after the given warning the hackers or individuals continue infringements of the copyrighted digital music than a lawsuit should be follow by the record companies along with its recording artists. A second solution to this dilemma would be educating individuals at an early age of the importance of compensations to talented music artists and other people who help create the record. Educating them of illegal music download being against the law betraying the songwriters and recording artists who create it. Preventing the careers of new recording artists and striving music bands. As well threatening the employment of working people from professional recording engineers in the studios to music retailers and their entire staff. .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 , .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .postImageUrl , .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 , .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:hover , .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:visited , .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:active { border:0!important; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:active , .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1 .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6ca31d21aef1910434471d22a63f2ab1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Culture In Film Music EssayInforming the kids of the consequences that occur if ever caught like the Minnesota mother who downloaded 24 songs illegally and became the first person sued by the ARIA (Recording Industry Association of America) for copyright infringement with fines totaling $1. 9 million dollars (Stevens). Making the young generation feel terrified and afraid of illegal music downloads similar to programs D. A. R. E. Or Drug Abuse Resisting Education. A police prevention program educating kids in schools nationwide of illegal drugs and informing them of the uses regarding drugs like cocaine, heroine, etc. ND their physical effects. This approach would make kids keep in mind that not paying for downloaded digital music from the Internet is breaking the law. Being hopeful that the young generation will think twice before trying to download digital music illegally from Peer-to-peer file- sharing websites in the future. Another solution to controlling digital music piracy would be to collaborate with the federal government or Department of Justice in creating a special unit specializing in copyright infringements. This task force can potentially focus on shutting down Peer- hem from the Internet if they dont comply with the copyright law that protects recording companies and its artist from piracy. As can be seen in the specifications stated above regarding the affects of digital music piracy to music industry, record companies should innovate ways to fight against piracy. It should get Internet providers who can be key players in controlling more this dilemma to cooperate for the good cause of helping out young music talent to strive and succeed in the music world.

SOAP note case study

Subjective section R.A is a 16-year-old female with type 1diabetes first diagnosed 5 years ago. She is also obese and has hypothyroidism. She was binge drinking, but quit 2 years ago upon being advised that alcohol could worsen her health condition.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on SOAP note case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unless when she has an emergency, she usually comes to the hospital for follow-up every month. Today, she has come for routine follow-up. Although she is asymptomatic, her blood pressure is 170/99 mmHg. She does not report any episodes or symptoms of hypoglycemia. She was using insulin, but stopped 8 months ago after she improved her condition. Objective analysis R.A has a healthy appearance and she is not characterized by signs of acute distress. Upon being physically examined, it is shown that she has a height of 165cm, weight of 90kg and a pulse rate of 86 beats per minute. T he physical examination also reveals that she has a blood pressure of 170/99 mmHg. She does not present with retinopathy or thyromegaly (the retina is healthy and the thyroid glands are not inflamed). Also, she does not have diabetic foot ulcers that are common in diabetic patients. Laboratory tests show that she has proteinuria, a cholesterol level of 230mg/dL, normal TSH levels, Hb level of 9.5%, creatinine level of 1.7mg/dL, glucose level of 190mg/dL, HDL and LDL of 134 and 35mg/dL respectively. Also, laboratory results reveal that she has normal electrolytes. Assessment analysis Related complications These are complications with which the patient presents. They are the following: Hypertension Dyslipidemia Nephropathy that is confirmed by proteins in the blood. It is an indication that kidney nephrons are not functioning well to ultra-filter blood. Thus, excreted urine has traces of proteins (Ludvigsson et al., 2008). Risk factors Risk factors could worsen type 1 diabetes in th e patient. They are the following factors: Obesity, which is indicated by a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 25. Kidney malfunction (indicated by a high creatinine value of 1.7mg/dL). Hypertension (readings are greater than 140/90 mmHg). A1C/= 5.7%. Therapeutic goals Clinical efforts should focus on controlling glycemia to A1C level less than 7%. (However, caution should be taken so that hypoglycemia cannot be caused in the process of controlling blood sugar). It should be a goal to prevent cardiovascular disease from occurring in the patient (This could be a serious complication). Reduce blood pressure to values lower than 130/80 mmHg. This is the recommended upper limit of blood pressure for diabetic patients (Ludvigsson et al., 2008). Cardiovascular disease risks should be reduced by encouraging the patient to feed on food that helps to maintain healthy cholesterol levels. For healthy persons, the low density lipoprotein (LDL) should not exceed 100 (Ludvigsson et al., 200 8). Current medication R.A says that she is not on medications. A treatment should be initiated to lower A1C and help to control symptoms associated with type 1diabetes and other conditions. Other therapies may also be started to help to prevent complications that are foreseeable in the near future (Bergenstal et al., 2010).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Plan Further laboratory tests and work-up Tests to assess liver functions. Biochemical liver tests determine levels of biochemical compounds crucial in regulating normal physiological functions. Elevated levels of biochemical in the liver would indicate that liver functions are altered. In order to confirm that the patient has hypertension, blood pressure test would be repeated. If found to be normal, then the test will have to be conducted by many laboratories to determine the true values (Ludvigsson et al., 2008, Bergenstal et al., 2010). CBC should be conducted so that infections can be ruled out or monitored. It is important to rule out infections in the patient because they could lead to worsening of her condition. Also, it is important to manage the infections with the right medications. More history is needed that will capture the following details: List of effective and failed medications. A detailed family history to establish whether there are any relatives who have suffered from the same condition (type 1 diabetes) and the time of onset. Immunizations received in the past and their clinical implications. A review would be done to assess whether previous immunizations could have interfered with the normal immune system of the patient. Trends of adhering to medications offered in the past and barriers that hindered the patient from adhering to the medications. The medical history will help to select the best therapies to provide and ways of addressing barriers that could make the pat ient not take medications as prescribed (Ludvigsson et al., 2008). Treatment recommendations The diabetic patient will be put on insulin. In addition, she needs to adopt a healthy lifestyle that will involve feeding on a balanced diet characterized by significant amounts of carbohydrates. Also, body exercises will greatly help the patient to live a healthy life (Chase et al., 2008). Her blood pressure problem could be addressed by taking lisinopril 10mg daily. Monitoring Insulin use requires routine monitoring of blood glucose levels (Bergenstal et al., 2010). Carbohydrate and fat dietary intake should be monitored. Total fat dietary intake should not be greater than 7% of the total number of sources of calories (Bergenstal et al., 2010). Health education Educational approaches should aim to inform the patient about ways of using medications so that they could improve her condition. Also, she will be taught how to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Healthy lifestyle changes will inv olve a healthy diet and aerobic exercises like walking and running (Chase et al., 2008; Bergenstal et al., 2010). Follow-up and referrals A1C should be routinely monitored for a period of 3 months. Hypertension should be assessed at every routine visit. LDL follow-up assessments could be done every 1-2 years. Referrals will be recommended when her conditions worsen. They would involve being referred to physicians or healthcare facilities dealing with specific health conditions. Cultural interventions No cultural interventions are recommended for this patient. Nursing theorist The care, core and cure nursing theory would be used to offer care to the diabetic patient. The nursing theory was formulated by Lydia E. Hall and it asserts that a patient should set his or her goals (George, 2010). If the patient in the case study sets her goals, then she would work toward achieving them, and she would be influenced by her feelings and value system. The nursing theory would greatly impact t he patient to improve her condition.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on SOAP note case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Bergenstal, R. M., Tamborlane, W. V., Ahmann, A., Buse, J. B., Dailey, G., Davis, S. N†¦. Wood, M. A. (2010). Effectiveness of sensor-augmented insulin-pump therapy in type 1 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(4), 311-320. Chase, H. P., Fiallo-Scharer, R., Messer, L., Gage, V., Burdick, P., Laffel, L†¦. Xing, D. (2008). Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med, 359(14), 1464-76. George, J. B. (2010). Nursing theories. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Ludvigsson, J., Faresjà ¶, M., Hjorth, M., Axelsson, S., Chà ©ramy, M., Pihl, M†¦. Casas, R. (2008). GAD treatment and insulin secretion in recent-onset type 1 diabetes.  New England Journal of Medicine, 359(18), 1909-1920. This case study on SOAP note case study was written and submitted by user Cyrus Moran to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Photosynthesis Essay Example Essay Example

Photosynthesis Essay Example Paper Photosynthesis Essay Introduction Photosynthesis is the combination of sugar from light, carbon dioxide and water with oxygen being a waste product. This process is possibly the most important biochemical path known. Nearly everything in our everyday lives depends on this process, we would not be alive right now if it weren’t for this cycle, this is due to the fact that us humans breath in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide, with plants it is the opposite; they take in carbon dioxide and take out oxygen, which we breathe in making it extremely important for us to have plants in order to respire.The process of photosynthesis is a very complex process.Here is a picture of an ordinary leaf. The leaf plays a major part in the process of photosynthesis, as it takes in the light which is later on made to glucosePhotosynthesis uses the energy of light to make glucose which keeps the plant alive. Just like we eat food to keep us alive and healthy, plants use the energy of the sun and water in order to stay alive an d healthy. Plants use the energy of light to make glucose to stay alive. Below is the general equation for the process of photosynthesis:6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ C6H12O6 + 6 O2Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light energy à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Glucose + OxygenThe rate of photosynthesis depends on four factors: carbon dioxide, light intensity, chlorophyll and water (or other photosynthetic pigments). In order to find out the importance of these factors for photosynthesis, some experiments are carried out.Aim: My main purpose or aim of this coursework is to find out whether photosynthesis relies on all factors or whether the process can function without the use of sunlight or carbon dioxide or water etc.Factors that may affect photosynthesisThere are five main factors that may affect the rate of photosynthesis they are:1. Light intensity2. Co2 concentration3. Effect of chlorophyll4. The effect of temperature (main chosen coursework factor)The experiments and how to undergo them1. Light Inten sityThe aim of this experiment is to find out whether or not the intensity of light would affect the rate of photosynthesis in a plant. To do this, I used a piece of foil which had a triangular shape in the middle of it and masked it on a plant where their was an exposed region and a shaded region.After three hours the leaf was picked, observed and tested with iodine solution, following is the result.ResultWe can clearly see that the masked area has turned brown whilst the unmasked area has turned dark blue.EvaluationThe masked part had given us a negative result to the iodine test which proves that there is no photosynthesis occurring if their is no light. Starch is available in the exposed region. This proves to us that photosynthesis can be carried out in the presence of light.ConclusionDuring this experiment we have concluded that photosynthesis almost mainly depends on the presence of light. If there is no light resource available photosynthesis will not occur forcing the plant to die.2. Carbon dioxide concentrationThe aim or purpose of this experiment is to prove that photosynthesis cannot function without carbon dioxide. The experiment will be as follows.Two pots of the same type of plants are prepared inside plastic bags, both are kept in the same temperature with the same light intensity, the only difference is that soda lime has been added to plant A whilst there is no soda lime in plant B.Plant APlant BAfter three hours, the leaves where picked up, observed and tested with iodine solution. Below are the results.Plant APlant BResultPlant A remains brown whilst plant b has turned to dark blue.EvaluationIn plant A the soda lime has absorbed most of the carbon dioxide. In the absence of carbon dioxide the iodine test is negative. Starch is not produced throughout the experiment which proves that photosynthesis cannot take place without carbon dioxide. This means that carbon dioxide is one of the factors that are needed for photosynthesis. However in pla nt b, carbon dioxide is present in the plastic bag. The plant can produce starch which the iodine test has proved to us as it scored a positive score.3. Effect of ChlorophyllMy aim here is to find out whether chlorophyll affects the rate of photosynthesis or not. To do this I will carry out the following experiment.A pot of variegated plant is destarched by putting into a dark environment for one to two days before the experiment. A variegated leaf is used for testing because part of the leaf contains chlorophyll (or other photosynthetic pigments) while the rest does not. One of the variegated leaves is selected and exposed to light.After three hours the leaf is picked up, observed and tested with iodine solution, the result is shown in the following diagram.ResultThe non-green region of the leaf has remained brown, whilst the green region of the leaf has turned dark blue.EvaluationStarch is present in the green region. This proves that photosynthesis can be carried out in the prese nce of chlorophyll. While the non-green region gives a negative result to the iodine test. This experiment has proved to us that chlorophyll does affect the rate of photosynthesis.4. The effect of temperatureThis is my main chosen point of interest throughout the coursework.AimOur main aim is to find out whether temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis in a Canadian pondweed (this is a picture of Canadian pondweed).ApparatusTo undergo the experiment we needed the following items and apparatus:1. Sprigs of pondweed2. Boiling tubes filled with water3. Lamp4. Thermometer5. Ice6. Supply of constant hot water7. Tissues8. Ruler9. Beaker10. Bubble counter11. Scissors12. Tweezers13. TimerSafetyAlthough this experiment may seem harmless we must take full precautions at all times to avoid any injury possible, below are some things we should bare in mind whilst performing the experiment to avoid serious damage or injury: Hot water can cause serious injury therefore we must be very wary a nd attentive to where we pour it. Scissors can also cause injury hence we should only stick to the task of cutting the pond weed not your partner’s hair. The lamp is supplied by electricity and we are dealing with water in this experiment, splashing water around could cause an electric shock.Following these safety tips will lead to a happy learning injury free environment.PredictionAccording to my knowledge and understanding of this experiment I strongly believe that temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis.I also predict that 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C should be the best temperature for the pondweed to photosynthesize, this is because I believe that this temperature is neither to hot nor too cold for the pondweed, hence it produces more bubbles, which represent oxygen.ResultsTemp. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½CExperiment 1Experiment 2Experiment 3Average125845.6672018161516.333034363836401491111.33501000.333AnalysisAccording to our results in we can clearly see that 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C is the best tem perature for photosynthesis to take place. We know this because out of all the other four temperatures, 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C is the most temperature that has produced the most bubbles. This is due to the fact that this temperature is neither too hot nor too cold it is the ideal temperature for photosynthesis to take place. Both 20à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C and 40à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C half produced approximately half the bubbles that 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C has produced, both temperatures have produced a decent number of bubbles but both are not as effective as 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C this is because 20à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C is slightly cold which makes it more difficult for the pondweed to produce bubbles. 40à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C was not as effective as 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C because the temperature 40à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C is somewhat hot and is not ideal for photosynthesis to take place in as the results have proven.The results have proven that 12à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C is a temperature that negatively affects the rate of photosynthesis. It has been proven in the results to have released a low amount of bubbles during all 3 experiments; this is because this temperature is very low, too low for the pondweed to produce bubbles because it is too cold it may even die because of the cold temperature.We can clearly see from the result that out of all the five different temperatures 50à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C was the least temperature to produce bubbles. This is because this temperature is very hot, too hot for the pondweed to produce bubbles. These temperatures may be to hot for the pondweed to take, resulting in the pondweed dyeing hence it produces little or no bubbles.ConclusionAfter analyzing, looking and observing our results we have concluded that 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C is the best temperature for photosynthesis to take place in plants. This is because this temperature is not too hot nor too cold for the plant to photosynthesize.We have also concluded that temperature does affect the rate of photosynthesis in a plant. As we have tested the rate of photosynthe sis at different temperatures and have come to realize that it plays an impact on the rate of photosynthesis which is represented in bubbles in this experiment.VariablesThere are some factors we must keep the same during the experiment to make it as fair as possible in order to get fair and accurate results, these factors are: Type of plant (we have used pondweed throughout the test). Volume of water. Lamp distance (the lamp was always 30cm away). All the experiments must be timed (5 minutes per experiment).Whilst there are factors we must change as part of the experiment to make it as fair as possible, they are: Surrounding temperature. Change the weed from the last experiment. You may think this factor is weird, but it is vital to change the pondweed in every experiment, this is just incase your pondweed has died because the last or present temperature is too hot or too cold. Therefore it is advised that you change the pondweed in every experiment.MethodThe method we used in order to undergo the experiment was basic and straight forward. We placed a standard pondweed in a testube filled with water, after diagonally cutting the end part of the weed in order to score sufficient and fair results.We placed this testube inside a beaker; this beaker was filled with water which varied in temperature according to what temperature we needed. We placed a lamp 30cm away from the plant, and after ensuring we had used the right temperature of water by using a thermometer, we began the timer and began to look closely for bubbles. After a period of five minutes we stopped counting the bubbles, the results are available in the results section of the coursework. Here is a diagram of the experiment.EvaluationI believe the experiment went well just as planned and worked out very well. I am confident about this because the results I got where the pretty much the same as the professional scientific results.I also believe that my results where accurate enough to prove that my pre diction was correct. As I predicted that 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C would be the most suitable temperature for photosynthesis to take place. We can see that this prediction is correct by looking at the graph.The method I used in order to carry out the experiment in my opinion was as fair as possible. I changed the pondweed every time in order to get a fair result, I also used the same volume of water each time to make sure that it does not effect the rate of bubbles released.If I had the opportunity to repeat the experiment I would try to measure the rate of photosynthesis at more temperatures, this would give me a clearer result and will indicate to me perfectly which temperature is most suitable for the most amount of bubbles given of from the Elodea. Photosynthesis Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

The Treatment of the Heterogeneous Army by Kenneth Branagh and Lawrence Olivier in Shakespeares Henry V.

The Treatment of the Heterogeneous Army by Kenneth Branagh and Lawrence Olivier in Shakespeares Henry V. In Act III, scene ii of Shakespeare's Henry V, we see firsthand how King Henry's army is heterogeneous, made up of men with four different accents from four different regions, English, Scottish, Irish and Welch. This scene is the only time in the play when these four men from four regions all interact togetherBoth Lawrence Olivier and Kenneth Branagh present this scene very differently in their film versions of Shakespeare's play. In my paper I set out to prove my hypothesis that Olivier's film sets out to show how the unity of these separate peoples whose differences are made explicit, lies in their allegiance to King Henry and that the cohesion of these disparate regions is something that Henry has managed to achieve, and this is characteristic of Henry as king. In contrast, Branagh's film is set up so that the viewer has a hard time distinguishing each of these men from each other.English: Kenneth Branagh at the 2009 Roma Fiction ...In his film, the audience is meant to think that these men are not so different from each other in the first place. In Branagh's film, it is the act of war itself, not Henry as a brilliant king, which binds these men together.This scene takes place during the battle of Harfleur, and the four Captains are meeting to discuss the tunnels which are being dug to undermine the fortress at Harfleur. Irish Captain MacMorris is in charge of digging the trenches. Welch Captain Fluellen offers Irish Captain MacMorris advice about how to dig proper trenches, but MacMorris angrily tells him that his men were forced to abandon the project. The contrasting clips I have chosen are taken from near the end of the scene when the Welch Captain Fluellen makes a seemingly insulting comment to Irish Captain MacMorris about his "nation"...

Skin cancer ( Health Professional Practice 1) Article

Skin cancer ( Health Professional Practice 1) - Article Example Article-1: De Launey, J. (1996). The sun and the skin cancer. Current therapeutics, 30- 39. The article by De Launey (1996) provides and over view of the role of sun in the development of skin cancer. According to De Launey (1996), all forms of skin cancers are becoming significant causes of morbidity among human beings. There are basically 2 types of skin cancers and they are melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Non-melanoma skin cancers include Bowen's disease,actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma. The author opines that the incidence of malignant melanoma is doubling every year and that even non-melanoma cancers are on rise and hence general practitioners must be aware of these types of cancer so that early recognition and prompt treatment is possible. According to the author, significant risks for malignant melanoma are sudden burning exposures especially in the first two decades of life. Thus, prevention of skin cancer is possibl e only through recognition of significant risk factors which include non-black skins and those living in areas of high sunlight exposure. prevention is mainly by limiting the number of hours of outdoor exposure and by wearing sun protective clothing and broad spectrum sunscreens 15 plus with skin protection factor containing UVA and UVB blockers. Along with these salient features, the author also describes individual types of cancer and their histopathological features. He also discussed clinical presentation, prognosis and treatment strategies. I strongly recommend that general practitioners and other health professionals must be aware of the types of skin cancers described in this article and various preventive measures that can be applied with assertion. Since protective factors are very essential during the first 2 decades of life, pediatricians must educate the parents of their patients about risks associated with sun exposure and strategies to prevent them. Article-2: De Herto g, S.A.E., Wensveen, C. A.H., Bastiens, M.T., et al. (2001). Relation Between Smoking and Skin Cancer. J Clin Oncol., 19, 231-238. The main purpose of study by De Hertog et al (2001) is to investigate, ascertain and evaluate the risk of skin cancer in those who are exposed to tobacco smoking. This study is in the wake of unknown risk estimates of cancer with tobacco smoking. The study is a hospital based case-control study in which patients with different types of skin cancers were put in the study group and those without cancer in the control group. Personal interviews were done and information about smoking history was collected. Based on relative risk estimation, it was evident that there does exist an association between smoking and squamous cell carcinoma and the risk was higher among current smokers. A dose-response relationship was found between the number of cigarettes or pipes smoked. Other forms of skin cancer were not associated with smoking. The authors concluded that sm oking is an independent risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell cancer. The authors discussed that smoke is a skin carcinogen and can affect the skin either locally or systemically. It contains several classes of compounds with demonstrated carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic activity, including nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, unsaturated aldehydes, and phenolic compounds. these can cause genetic mutations and contribute to development of cancer. in my opinion, this study provides

IB Biology Food Energy Content Experiment Essay

IB Biology Food Energy Content Experiment - Essay Example 263). The nutritive value of food is derived from the ability of a food to supply energy to the organism (McDonald et al. 263). To calculate the quantity of chemical energy present in food, it is necessary to convert it into heat energy and calculate the amount of heat it produces (McDonald et al. 264). This conversion is conducted by oxidizing the food by burning it; the amount of heat that is created from the complete oxidation of the unit weight of food is identified as the gross energy (McDonald et al. 264). The central determinant of the gross energy content of a food is its degree of oxidation as conveyed in the ratio of carbon plus hydrogen to oxygen (McDonald et al. 264). Carbohydrates contain approximately the same gross energy content of 17.5 MJ/kg DM while triglyceride fats contain lower amounts of oxygen and have a higher energy content of approximately 39 MJ/kg DM (McDonald et al. 264). Proteins have a higher level of gross energy values than carbohydrates due to the fact that they contain the oxidizeable element nitrogen (McDonald et al. 264). The present study was conducted in order to determine the energy content of four different samples of food that includes a cracker, a Mars chocolate bar, bread, and a 'Flips' chip. The researcher hypothesized that the mass of food will have no effect upon its energy content. In addition to this, it is hypothesized that the food with the highest energy content is the 'Flips' chip followed by the bread, cracker, and Mars chocolate sample. The researcher determined the energy content of the food by calculating the amount of Joules per mass in grams of each sample. Method: The researcher chose four different food samples to test for energy content. The quantities of food included a 2-gram sample of cracker, a 5.6-gram sample of Mars chocolate, a 10.4-gram sample of bread, and a 0.8-gram sample of a 'Flips' chip. There were three variables in this experiment. The first variable was the variety of food type, the second variable was the temperature of the water, and the third variable was the difference of mass of each sample of food. All other factors of the experiment were be consistent including the distance of the bunson burner from the test tube, the volume of water in each test, and the environment in which the experiment was conducted. The researcher used a beaker to measure 25cm^3 of water into each test tube. Five tests of each food were conducted in order to determine a mean value of each sample. The mass of each food sample was determined as well as the temperature of the water in each test tube before heating. Each food sample was attached to a pin and burned with a bunson burner. When the food sample burned, it was placed under the test tube until the flame burned out. During this time, the water in the test tube was stirred in order to evenly distribute heat transfer from the flame. After the flame burned out, the Celsius temperature of the water in the test tube was measured. The mass in grams of the food sample was then measured. The following formula was used in order to calculate the amount of energy each food sample contained in Joules: 25g * temperature rise of water (C) * 4.2 (J/g/C)/ mass of food (g)= Energy (J/g) This process was repeated for each food sample Results: Food Mass (g) Volume of water (cm3) Temperature after heating (oC) Temperature before heating (oC) Rise in water Temperature (oC) Energy content of food (J/g) Cracker 2 25 34 20 14 735 Mars

Steroids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Steroids - Essay Example In terms of the categories, ergogenic aids can be seen as distributed in terms of mechanical aids, pharmacological aids, physiological aids, nutritional aids and psychological aids (Sports Coach, 1997). All of these categories actually illustrate the fact that the ergogenic aids can be specifically tailored in view of the particular aspect of the being that needs to be enhanced. The most commonly used ergogenic supplements are protein supplements, energy boosters, weight loss agents and anabolic agents etc (Bonci, 2010). It is this category of anabolic agents in which the stubject matter of steroids falls. Steroids constitute two categories namely anabolic and corticosteroids (Dowshen, 2010). Anabolic steroids are the synthetic derivatives of testosterone and are synthetic hormones that boost the muscle production in the body and their strength. While the corticosteroids are drugs that doctors specifically prescribe to control inflammation (Dowshen, 2010). The usage of such steroids is mostly for the purpose of enhancing one’s abilities in the strength dependent sports. Anabolic steroids are the ones that trigger the release of the endogenous growth hormone and induce protein synthesis in the muscle cells whose psychological influence can enhance a more intense and sustained workout. While the complete effectiveness of them in enhancing strength and other factors that influence their effects still have some ambiguity in terms of understanding and cannot even be seen in a proper documented form. The effects of such steroids have not yet been determined correctly with full consensus based on the differences in the approaches being taken for their usage (Mac & Silver, 2001). With the advent of steroids as energy boosters in the sports category, there has always been a question of their effectiveness in terms of athletic